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BRAZIL

PRODUCTS USED IN SPOILED MEAT IS BAD FOR HEALTH?

The Federal Police's "Operation Low Flesh" reported that Brazilian slaughterhouses used spoiled meat in sausages and sausages, and placed chemicals such as ascorbic acid and sorbic acid to make the food look healthier. PF stated that the acids were carcinogenic and could harm the health of the population.
However, according to Anvisa (National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance), the substances are not carcinogenic. Both are on the list of food additives approved by the body - and are commonly used in food processing.
In the list of Anvisa, sorbic acid appears in the category of preservatives and can be used in the dosage of 0.02g per 100g of meat. Ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C, is allowed in the "enough amount to get the effect".
If foods are on the list of additives are not carcinogenic substances, what can happen is that if consumed in excess, maybe do some harm in the body, explained Anvisa.
Vitamin C is good for humans, it has no carcinogenic problems. I would not associate the vitamin with cancer. "
Eduardo Tondo, professor of food microbiology at UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul)
No examinations have yet been made to see whether the meats seized by PF actually had the acids and their amounts. The substances were cited by cold store employees in wiretaps recorded by the Federal Police.
Sorbic acid is a potent inhibitor of mold, yeast and mold, but is not as effective in inhibiting bacteria. It can cause allergy, but with low chances.
But vitamin C is famous for strengthening the immune system, increasing resistance against infections, flu and colds, favoring the absorption of iron and helping to prevent anemia.

Frutas cítricas como laranja e limão são ricas fontes de vitamina C... - 

Citrus fruits like orange and lemon are rich sources of vitamin C
There are studies that relate the excess intake of vitamin C with stone in the kidneys.
A survey conducted by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden has tracked for 11 years the incidence of kidney stone in 23,355 men and showed that those who regularly took supplements of 1g of vitamin C had twice the chance of developing kidney stones.
However, the scientists say the vitamin is not at risk with the recommended daily intake of 40mg.
The Swedish study is not the first to make an association of the use of vitamin C with the incidence of kidney stone.

A group of researchers at Harvard in 2004 also identified symptomatic kidney stones in men who ingested an overdose of vitamin C. The research followed the diet of 45,619 men for 14 years.
Both studies did not find the same occurrence in the case of women. For them, it has been proven that doses of 500mg of vitamin C reduce the duration of colds.

Up to 2g per day is considered normal consumption. Megadoses could cause diarrhea, vomiting, headaches or insomnia, according to Katherine Zeratsky of the Mayo Clinic.

As for sorbic acid, there is no research that links the substance with kidney stones.
"I do not know, nor did I find, any evidence of renal adverse effects of ingestion of sorbic acid"
Istênio José Pascoal, nephrologist

How could substances be used in refrigerators?

In the case of Operation Low Flesh, vitamin C may have been used to forge meat quality.
"When the meat is damaged, usually because it is not stored well, it gets darkened. Ascorbic acid can give the meat a red color, it looks healthy again, and it deceives anyone who eats it," explains Tondo.
Sorbic acid, according to Tondo, is used as a preservative and may have been used to try to make the meat last longer than recommended.

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Salmonella: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, is a bacterial disease of the intestinal tract. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that causes typhoid fever, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and other illnesses. People become infected mostly through contaminated water or foods, especially meat, poultry and eggs.

This article will investigate the causes of salmonellosis, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

1. Salmonella, salmonellosis and its causes
2. Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of salmonella

Fast facts on salmonella

Here are some key points about salmonella. More detail and supporting information is in the main article.

• Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella
• Salmonellosis infects an estimated 1.4 million Americans per year
• Salmonella is responsible for almost half of bacterial infections in the US
• Symptoms of salmonellosis normally include chills, diarrhea and fever
• Reptiles can spread salmonellosis through their feces
• Some Salmonella bacteria can cause typhoid fever, a very serious disease
• Regularly washing your hands can prevent the spread of the disease
• Ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone can successfully treat salmonellosis in many cases
• Anti-diarrhea medication is not advised.

WHAT IS SALMONELLA?

Salmonella is a rod shaped bacterium

Salmonella is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacilli that can cause diarrheal illness in humans. Put simply, Salmonella is a bacterium shaped like a rod with a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan.

Gram-negative is a term used in bacteriology for bacteria that lose the crystal violet stain and take the color of the red counterstain in Gram's method of staining. Gram-negative bacteria usually have a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan. Bacilli is the plural of bacillus. Bacteria that have a rod-like shape are called bacilli.

The Salmonella family includes over 2,300 serotypes of bacteria - they are microscopic one-celled organisms. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium are responsible for over 50% of all human infections in the US.

Some Salmonella strains that exist in humans can make animals sick, and vice-versa. The bacteria live in the gut of infected humans and animals.

WHAT IS SALMONELLOSIS?

Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella. According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), approximately 1.4 million Americans are infected with salmonellosis every year, of which about 500 die. In 2004, US authorities announced that Salmonella was responsible for 42% of human bacterial infections, followed by Campylobacter 37%, Shigella 15%, E. coli O157:H7 2.6%.

According to the HPA (Health Protection Agency), 9,864 people were affected with salmonellosis in the UK in 2008. In most of Western Europe, in countries such as the UK, France, Germany, Scandinavia, Holland, Switzerland and Belgium, the incidence of salmonellosis is much lower than in the US.

CAUSES OF SALMONELLOSIS

Uncooked meat is a major cause of salmonellosis.

Salmonella live in the intestines of birds, animals and humans. Most human infections are caused by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by feces (excrement). Foods that are most commonly infected are:

• Uncooked meat, seafood and poultry - contamination most commonly occurs during the slaughtering process. Harvesting seafoods in contaminated waters is also a common cause.
• Uncooked eggs - the Salmonella are usually present in the eggs when laid if the chicken is infected. Raw eggs may be found in some types of mayonnaise and homemade sauces.
• Fruits and vegetables - if fruit and vegetables have been watered or washed in contaminated water there is a much higher chance they will be contaminated. Some kitchen practices may contaminate fruits and vegetables - if the person preparing the food handles raw meat and then touches the fruit without washing his/her hands, for example.
• Lack of hygiene - kitchen surfaces that are not kept clean, lack of handwashing procedures during food preparation, and lack of handwashing after going to the toilet or changing a baby's diapers, are common routes for contamination and infection. A person with contaminated hands can pass the infection on to other people by touching them, or touching surfaces which others then touch.
• Pet reptiles or amphibians - most reptiles and amphibians carry Salmonella in their gut without becoming ill. They shed the bacteria in their droppings, which can quickly spread onto their skin and then anything they come into contact with, including cages, toys, clothes, furniture and household surfaces. The Health Protection Agency (UK) advises families not to keep reptiles if there are children under 5, pregnant women, very elderly people, or people with weaker immune systems in the household.

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