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Britain votes to leave the EU
Britain votes to leave the EU; Cameron plans to resign -
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LONDON - Britain voted to leave the European Union, a landmark decision that will certainly redefine the nation's place in the world, shake the continent and shake up political institutions across the West.
Shortly after the end of the poll, Prime Minister David Cameron, who was leading the campaign to stay in the bloc, appeared on Friday morning at 10 Downing Street to announce he was planning to resign by October, saying the country deserved leader committed to realizing the will of the people.
The turn of events was accompanied by a slump in the financial markets, the value of the pound sterling and falling stock prices .
The margin of victory surprised even the supporters of a British exit. The "Leave" campaign has increased from 52% to 48%. More than 17.4 million people voted Thursday in the referendum to break ties with the European Union and about 16.1 million to stay in the bloc.
In a referendum, Britain votes to leave the EU
Andrew Testa for the New York Times
"I will do everything I can as Prime Minister to stabilize the ship in the coming weeks and months," Cameron said. "But I do not think it would be good for me to try to be the captain who leads our country to his next destination."
Despite the polls before the referendum that showed that either party was in a position to win, the result stunned Britain, Europe and the transatlantic alliance, highlighting the power of anti-Semitic sentiment. elite, populist and nationalist in an economic and cultural epoch. dislocation.
"Dare to dream that dawn is rising on an independent UK , " said Nigel Farage , the leader of the UK Independence Party, one of the main forces behind a referendum on the exit of the UK European Union. a m
Withdrawing from the European Union is a long process that Mr. Cameron will leave largely to his successor. This will mean the withdrawal of the world's largest trading area, with 508 million inhabitants, including 65 million Britons, and a commitment to the free flow of labor, capital, goods and services. It has profound implications for the UK legal system, which incorporates a wide range of regulations covering everything from product security to digital privacy to the UK economy.
One of the reasons London's financial district, City, shuddered on Friday is that it is a center for trading euro-denominated securities, an activity that could now move to rivals like Frankfurt and Paris.
Nor was it clear that the UK could survive the withdrawal of the European Union intact. There was immediate pressure for another referendum on Britain's independence for Scotland, which voted overwhelmingly Thursday to stay with Europe.
"I think a referendum on independence is now very likely," said Scottish Prime Minister Nicola Sturgeon, who said it would be "democratically unacceptable" for Scotland to be excluded from the EU then that a majority of Scots want to stay.
Keith Vaz, a labor legislator, said: "It's an overwhelming decision, it's a terrible day for Britain and a terrible day for Europe, and in 1000 years I never thought the British would vote for it. "
European leaders acknowledged that the British vote would further limit their ability to move forward with economic and political integration, a process that had stagnated anyway.
"Today marks a turning point for Europe," said German Chancellor Angela Merkel. "This is a turning point for the European unification process".
In London, the maneuvers began almost immediately to succeed Cameron, who said he would stay while his Conservative party went through the process of establishing a new leader. Boris Johnson , the former Mayor of London who was a leader of the Leave campaign, is one of the most prominent candidates . He praised Mr. Cameron as an "extraordinary politician" while saying he was sad to see him leave.
Britain will become the first country to leave the 28-member bloc, which has been increasingly overwhelmed by the failure of the succession of crises , from the 2008 financial collapse to the resurgence of Russia and the massive influx of migrants. .
It was a remarkable victory for the country's anti-European forces, which not long ago were considered unlikely to win.
The financial markets, which were expecting Britain to vote to stay, began to dive before the vote count was over, putting pressure on central banks and regulators to take steps to avoid the spread of the damage.
Economists had predicted that a vote to leave the bloc could cause substantial damage to the UK economy . Mark Carney , head of the Bank of England, sought to address these concerns on Friday, saying the bank had developed extensive contingency plans and had taken "all the necessary steps" to prepare.
Mr Cameron had sworn before the vote to act quickly to begin the divorce process if Britain decided to leave. But he said on Friday that he would leave the formal process to his successor, while seeking in the interim to calm the atmosphere before taking any action whatsoever.
MAP
HOW GREAT BRITAIN HAS VOTED AT THE EU REFERENDUM
Look at the geography of the vote in the European referendum
In the meantime, nothing will change immediately on either side of the Channel, as the existing rules on trade and immigration remain in place. The withdrawal process should be complex and controversial, although under the block treaty it is effectively limited to two years.
Mr. Johnson, like a number of other leaders of the European Union, said that it was not necessary to start the legal process - by invoking a provision known as Article 50 - which formally break the ties between Britain and the bloc. He and other supporters of the exit from the European Union have taken a slow stance on divorce mechanisms, saying that Britain can get a better deal on trade if it can avoid arbitrary delays on the negotiations.
For the European Union, the result is a disaster, raising questions about the direction, cohesion and future of a bloc based on liberal values and shared sovereignty that together with NATO represent an essential component of the post-war European structure.
Britain is the second largest economy after Germany in the European Union, a nuclear power with a seat on the United Nations Security Council, a free market economy lawyer and a close ally of the United States. United.
The loss of Britain is a huge blow to the credibility of a bloc already under the pressure of slow growth, high unemployment, the migrant crisis, the problems of the Greek debt and the conflict in Ukraine.
"The main impact will be a massive disorder in the EU system for the next two years," said Thierry de Montbrial, founder and executive chairman of the French Institute of International Relations. "There will be huge political transition costs, on how to solve the British exit, and the risk of a domino effect or a race to the bank of other countries that are thinking of leaving."
Europe will have to "reorganize itself into a system of different degrees of association," said Karl Kaiser, a Harvard professor and former director of the German Council for Foreign Relations. "Europe has an interest in keeping Great Britain in the single market, if possible, and in an ad hoc security relationship."
While the Leave campaign leaders were talking seriously about the sovereignty and supremacy of Parliament or a honeyed tone on the "sunny highlands" of Britain's future, the concern over immigration was defining and probably triggered the campaign.
GRAPHIC
THE BENEFITS OF EXIT FROM GREAT BRITAIN: MARKETS, IMMIGRATION AND TRADE
Investors, policymakers and countries are facing a disordered break with vast financial, economic and political implications.
With a net migration to Britain of 330,000 people in 2015, more than half of whom came from the European Union, Mr Cameron did not find an effective response to how he could limit the influx . And there was no doubt that, while immigrants contributed more to the economy and tax revenues than they cost, part of Britain felt that its national identity was under attack and that the influx was putting a strain on the economy. considerable pressure on schools, health care and housing.
The campaign led by one of the party's most fervent supporters, the UK Independence Party, flirted with xenophobia, nativism and what some of its critics viewed as racism. But the more conventional, official campaign has also cited immigration as a problem, and its slogan, "Take Control," has sparked voter interest that the government is failing to regulate the influx of people. from Europe.
Other anti-establishment and far-right parties in Europe , such as the National Front Marine Le Pen in France , the party of Geert Wilders in the Netherlands and the party Alternative for Germany will celebrate the result. The depth of anti-European sentiment could be a key factor in the national elections scheduled next year in the other two most important countries of the European Union, France and Germany.
The British campaign contained assertions and allegations launched without much consideration for the facts . Both parties played with emotion, and the most common emotion was fear.
GRAPHIC
WITH OR WITHOUT THE EU, EUROPE IS ALWAYS CONNECTED
Britain's financial and military ties with the rest of Europe.
The "remaining" side, citing many experts and elite opinions, warned that leaving the bloc, a so-called Brexit, would mean an economic catastrophe, a plummeting book, higher taxes, more austerity and loss. jobs.
The Congolese side warned that the rest would produce uncontrolled immigration, crime and terrorism, with hordes coming from Turkey, a country of 77 million Muslims bordering Syria and Iraq and hoping to join the European Union .
Just a week before the vote, the country was shaken by the brutal murder of a young Labor MP, Jo Cox , 41, a fervent defender of Remain. A man that prosecutors said shouted "Britain first," "This is for Britain" and "Keep Britain's independence" was accused of her murder.
In England in particular, 85 percent of the population of Britain, many people have turned to national pride, cultural exception and nostalgia. Many British voters have chosen to believe at the insistence of anti-European leaders like Johnson that as a big country, Britain would be more powerful and effective outside the European Union than inside.
In Scotland and Northern Ireland , on the other hand, there was a strong pro-European sentiment that only increased the tensions within the United Kingdom itself.
Northern Ireland, which has long had an open border with the Republic of Ireland, a member of the European Union, will face a new reality. This open border will become the border between the European Union and a non-member, and for security and economic reasons it will have to be equipped with border crossings to check goods and passports.
Mr. Cameron felt pressured to announce the referendum in 2013 by the anti-Europe wing of his own party, amplified by concerns among other Tories that the UK Independence Party and Mr. Farage have cut too abruptly in the Conservative vote.
Yet Cameron has entered the campaign with the strength of economic experts , President Obama , European allies and big corporations behind him. But as always, the referendums do not concern the question asked but the political atmosphere of the time, and the political atmosphere is sour.
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