Yin and Yang
are concepts of Taoism that expose the duality of everything that exists in the universe . They describe the two fundamental opposing and complementary forces that are found in all things: yin is the principle of night , moon , passivity, absorption. Yang is the principle of the sun , day , light and activity. [ 1 ]
According to this idea, every being, object or thought has a complement on which it depends for its existence. This complement exists within itself. Thus, it follows that nothing exists in a pure state: neither in absolute activity nor in absolute passivity, but rather in continuous transformation. Furthermore, any idea can be seen as its opposite when viewed from another point of view. In this sense, the categorization would be for convenience only. These two forces, yin and yang , would be the next phase of the " tao ", the generating principle of all things, from which they arise and to which they are destined.
This doctrine is in common use in traditional Chinese medicine .
In I Ching studies , there are two Initial Lines generated by Tai Ji, one Whole Yang and one Broken Yin, forming the Liang Yi.
Complementary principles
According to this principle, two complementary forces compose everything that exists, and from the dynamic equilibrium between them arises all movement and change . These forces are:
| Yang | (69) | Yin |
|---|---|---|
| Day | Eclipse | Night |
| Light | Shadow | |
| Star | Galaxy | Black hole |
| Go up | Feet | To descend |
| To go out | Hands | To enter |
| Spring Summer | Station | Autumn Winter |
| Head (Ajna) | Trunk (Anahata) | Belly (Svadisthana) |
| Hand | Foot | |
| Above | Below | |
| Front | Back | |
| Horizontal | Vertical | |
| Positive | Negative | |
| Multiply | To divide | |
| Add | Subtract | |
| Increase | To decrease | |
| Positron | Atomic nucleus | Electron |
| Hard | Soft | |
| Strong | Weak | |
| Fast | Slow | |
| Light | Heavy | |
| Easy | Difficult | |
| Subtle | Dense | |
| Warm | Temperature | Cold |
| Time | Space | |
| Sky | Earth | |
| Always | Time | Never |
| Love | Heart | Hatred |
| Defend Friend | Neutral | Attack Enemy |
| Peace | War | |
| To create | Destroy | |
| Right hand path ( White Magic ) | Middle Path (Gray Magic) | Left hand path ( Black Magic ) |
| Fu Xi | Shennong | Nu Kua |
| Future Child/Child Ahead | Present Father/Mother Half | Past Grandfather/O Back |
| Yang Ming Zhen - Tai Yin Dui | Shao Yang Kan - Jue Yin Li | Tai Yang Gen - Shao Yin Sun |
| Buy | $ | Sell |
| Inhale | Breathe ("Respiritualize") | Exhale |
| Life | Death | |
| Energy | Matter | |
| Spirit | Body | |
| Move | To stop | |
| Tired | Rest | |
| To spend | Save | |
| Activate | Disable | |
| Progress | Regress | |
| Calm | Cholera | |
| To win | Lose | |
| To wake up | Sleep | |
| Synonymous | Antonym | |
| Equal | Different | |
| Collective | Individual | |
| Electricity | Electromagnetism | Magnetism |
| Fire | Air-Ground | Water |
| Dry | Wet | |
| East | Feng Shui | West |
| Happiness | Sadness | |
| Shang | Zhong Dantian | Xia |
| Speak Sound | Silence Silence | |
| Vision | Hearing | |
| Smell | Touch |
To understand better:
- Yang rises and leaves, accompanying the wood that rises from the ground with solar energy (photons), spring “awakening” “being born” “growing” “rising”, and fire, warm like sunlight, fulfilling “going out” to live, active. But the channels of traditional Chinese medicine interior are named Yin (Tai Yin, Shao Yin and Jue Yin). The only broken lines of the 3 diurnal daughters of the bagua are represented by the black drop surrounded by white, just as the broken line is accompanied by two whole ones (mostly yang).
- Opposing Yin, “autumn” enters and “winter” descends; both are cold, just as it gets cold at night. “Entering” would be “collecting”, “containing”, “stopping”, “pausing”, “controlling”… “Descending” (to zero) would be “dying”, “ending”, “closing”, “finalizing”, etc., but the outer channels are named Yang (Yangming, Taiyang, Shaoyang). The only whole line of the 3 nocturnal sons of the bagua is represented by the white drop surrounded by black, just as most 2 broken lines accompany a whole one.
Thus the yin-yang diagram can be represented by 3 phases:
- Old Yin Yang: Zhen-Sun, the firstborn male nocturnal and female diurnal. Wise, prudent, experienced but without youthful vigor. Precise decisions (zhen) with wisdom and delicacy (sun). Represents Autumn. (Human age: 48 years)
- Mature Yin Yang: Kan-Li, with their characteristic gender lines centered. Cautious so that one does not destroy the other and maintains harmony and cooperation by working together. Balanced Winter-Summer, North-South axis. (Human age: 30 years)
- Young Yin Yang: Gen-Dui, the last couple of children of the Qian-Kun union. Full of power, vigor and will but without experience, vulnerable to mistakes due to lack of knowledge and maturity. Represents Spring. (Human age: 12 years)
These qualities attributed above to each of the dualities are not definitions, but analogies that exemplify the expression of each of them in the phenomenal world. The principles themselves are implicit in each and every manifestation.
The above examples do not include any value judgments , and there is no hierarchy between the two principles. Thus, referring to yang as positive only indicates that it is positive when compared to yin , which will be negative. This analogy is like the electric charge assigned to protons and electrons : opposites complement each other, positive is not good or bad, it is just the complementary opposite of negative.
The tei -gi diagram symbolizes the balance of the forces of nature, mind and body. Yang ( white ) and yin ( black ), integrated in a continuous movement of mutual generation, represent the interaction of these forces.
The observed reality is fluid and constantly changing, from the perspective of traditional Chinese philosophy . Therefore, everything that exists contains both the yin and yang principles. The tei-gi symbol expresses this concept: yang gives rise to yin, and yin destines yang .
From the earliest times, the two archetypal poles of nature were represented by light and dark, by the inflexible and the docile, by the above and the below. Yang , the creative power, was associated with the sky and the sun, while yin corresponds to water, the receptive. The sky is above and is full of movement. Water - in the ancient geocentric conception - is below and at rest.
Thus, yin came to symbolize rest, and yang , movement. In the realm of thought, yin is the intuitive , complex mind, while yang is the intellect, rational and clear. Yin is the contemplative tranquility of the sage, yang the vigorous creative action of the king .
This diagram presents a symmetrical arrangement of dark yin and light yang . The symmetry, however, is not static. It is a rotational symmetry that eloquently suggests a continuous cyclical movement. The two points in the diagram symbolize the idea that each time each of the forces reaches its extreme point, it manifests within itself the seed of its opposite.
|
References
- ↑ Grande encyclopedia Larousse (page 11 710). Madrid: Planeta.
- ↑ WU, J. Tai chi chuan: the alchemy of movement . 5th edition. Rio de Janeiro. Mauad. 2010. p. 26.
- ↑ LAO-TSÉ. Tao Te Ching: The Book That Reveals God . Translated by Huberto Rohden. São Paulo. Martin Claret. 2003. p. 25.
- ↑ VELTE, H. Illustrated dictionary of budô . Translated by S. Pereira Magalhães. Rio de Janeiro. Tecnoprint. 1981. p. 150.
Comentários
Postar um comentário