Palestinian Hope Hezbollah or Hezbollah
( Arabic : حزب الله, transl. ḥizbu-'llāh(i) , [ 8 ] " Party of Allah " or "Party of God ") is a transnational Shia Islamic fundamentalist political and paramilitary organization founded in the period leading up to the Islamic revolution of Khomeini in Iran [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] to assist Khomeini 's consolidation of power and its supporters. At that time, Hezbollah was not yet a strongly structured organization, being more of a movement of loosely united groups, usually centered around a mosque. [ 12 ]
Hezbollah in Iran played an important role on the street at crucial moments in the early days of the revolution, physically confronting those the regime considered counter-revolutionaries. [ 13 ]
Its Lebanese branch is a significant force in Lebanese politics , responsible for numerous social services, as well as operating schools , hospitals and agricultural services for thousands of southern Lebanese. [ 14 ] [ 15 ]
It is considered a legitimate resistance movement by much of the Islamic and Arab world . [ 10 ] The group, however, is considered a terrorist organization by the United States , United Kingdom , [ 16 ] Germany , [ 17 ] Argentina , [ 18 ] Australia , [ 19 ] Israel , Canada , the Netherlands , the Arab League [20 ] [ 21 ] and the Gulf Cooperation Council . [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] . In 2013, the European Union added the armed wing of Hezbollah to the list of organizations it considers terrorist , leaving out the political party itself. [ 25 ]
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Hezbollah in Lebanon initially emerged as a militia , in response to the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon , also known as Operation Peace for Galilee , and continued to resist the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon throughout the Lebanese Civil War . [ 10 ] [ 5 ] Its leaders were inspired by the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini , and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards . [ 26 ] The manifesto of A 1985 published by Hezbollah listed its three main goals as "putting an end to any colonialist entity " in Lebanon, bringing the Phalangists to justice "for the crimes they have perpetrated", and establishing an Islamic regime in the country. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Recently, however, according to Adam Shatz, Hezbollah has made few mentions about the founding of an Islamic State , and has no longer made alliances following religious trends. [ 26 ] Party leaders are responsible, however, for several statements calling for an end to the State of Israel as a " Zionist entity ", "built on land wrested from its owners." [ 27 ] [ 28 ]
The party, which began as just a small militia, has now grown into an organization that has seats in the Lebanese parliament , a radio and satellite television station , as well as several social development programs . [ 30 ] Hezbollah maintains strong support among Lebanon's Shia population, and gained some support among the rest of the country's population, including Sunnis , Druze and Christians , in the wake of the 2006 Lebanon War , [ 31 ] and managed to mobilize protests of hundreds of thousands of people [32 ] Along with other political groups in the country, Hezbollah initiated the 2006–2008 Lebanon political protests in opposition to the government of Prime Minister Fuad Siniora . [ 33 ] Later disputes involving Hezbollah's maintenance of its telecommunications network led to disputes , and opposition militants, led by the party, took control of several neighborhoods in West Beirut previously occupied by Future Movement militiamen loyal to Siniora ; the areas were then handed over to the Lebanese army . [ 34 ] Finally, based on the Doha Agreement in 2008, Hezbollah was given veto power in the Lebanese parliament; In addition, a government of national unity was formed , in which the party has a minister, and controls eleven of the thirty existing seats. [ 14 ] [ 35 ]
Hezbollah receives financial aid from Iran and Syria , as well as donations from Lebanese and other Shiites around the world. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] The party has also gained significant military strength in recent years. [ 38 ] Despite a June 2008 certification by the United Nations that Israel had withdrawn from all Lebanese territory, [ 39 ] in August of that year Lebanon's new government cabinet approved a proposal that ensures the existence of the party as an armed organization, and guarantees its right to "liberate or recover occupied lands" (the farms of Shebaa and the hills of Kafarshuba) by Israel. [ sources needed ]
In recent years, Hezbollah has enjoyed a certain popularity in the Shiite Muslim world , for having led Israel to vacate southern Lebanon in June 2000. However, it has also been criticized by Sunni governments in several countries and by the Muslim Brotherhood , for its involvement in the Syrian civil war , in favor of Bashar al-Assad . Bahrain 's foreign minister described the head of Hezbollah as a terrorist, [ 40 ] and Egypt's former president, Mohamed Morsi , called on Hezbollah to stop its aggression against the Syrian people. [ 41 ]
United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also accused Hezbollah of maintaining "active cells" in Venezuela , which was denied by the organization's leader. According to him, Hezbollah is "in solidarity with the political leadership of Venezuela and with the Venezuelan state, against the aggression of the United States", [42 ] further stating that Hezbollah has no influence in Venezuela, nor cells operating in the country, and that Venezuela doesn't need it either. [ 43 ]
Since 1992 the organization has been led by Hassan Nasrallah .
IDEOLOGY
Hezbollah's ideology has been summarized as Shia radicalism . [ 44 ] Hezbollah follows Shia Islamic theology developed by Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini. [ 45 ]
On February 16, 1985, Ibrahim Amine al-Sayyed issued Hezbollah's first manifesto: "We are often asked: Who are we, Hezbollah, and what is our identity? We are the children of the umma - the party of Allah, whose vanguard was made victorious by Allah in Iran. There the vanguard managed to establish the foundations of a Muslim State that plays a central role in the world. We obey the orders of a leader, wise and just, those of our guardian and jurist who fills all necessary requirements: Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini." [ 46 ]
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source essay https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah
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