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Frexit
FREXIT referendum
'This is a funeral' Le Pen predicted the end of the European Union, as it promises FREXIT referendum
MARINE LE PEN has dealt a fatal blow to the European Union by promising it will hold a referendum to decide whether France is in the Union if she becomes president.
replicas
e Brexit: Who is the next to leave the EU?
BRITAIN VOTED TO LEAVE THE EU. SO, WHO'S NEXT? WE LOOK AT THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WANT TO HOLD THEIR OWN REFERENDUM ON THE EU.
After his speech Scottish MEP Alyn Smith tweeted: "Nigel Farage followed by Marine Le Pen." The British prove its possible to leave the EU and do better " We live in dangerous times."
Labor and Richard Corbett added, "very unpleasant view in the European Parliament debate this morning that members of UKIP applaud French far-right leader Marine Le Pen."
Europscepticism has been on the rise in France in recent years, with a poll conducted just before the vote Brexit showing that 61 percent of Brussels views unfavorably.
In particular, it was fueled by the crisis of migrants and a number of Islamist terrorist attacks on French soil related to free movement rules of the EU, including the horrible massacre of Paris.
Recent polls have placed Ms. Le Pen as one of the front-runners for the presidential race next year, even though it faced a packed contest that will also include the former leader Nicolas Sarkozy. Are redation http: / /www.express.co.uk/news/world/710517/Marine-Le-Pen-frexit-brexit-european-union make google pictures
Marine Le Pen and exults
calls a "Frexit"
The president of the National Front will make "Brexit" a
electoral argument for the 2017 presidential election.
THE FIRST PIECE OF DOMINOES FELL WITH THE VICTORY OF "BREXIT" IN THE REFERENDUM HELD IN THE UNITED KINGDOM , THURSDAY, JUNE 23FOR MARINE LE PEN AND HIS EUROSCEPTIC ALLIES, WHO WANT TO BREAK UP THE EUROPEAN UNION , THE CHALLENGE NOW IS TO KNOW IF THE OTHER PARTS OF THE GAME ARE PROPERLY ALIGNED, AND WHETHER THEY WILL BE DRIVEN BY THE FALL OF GREAT BRITAIN .
Read also: The EU seeks to avoid a domino effect
Only party politics major French to have openly campaigned for an output of EU Britons, the National Front jubilant. The far-right party was quick to claim on Friday, the organization of a similar referendum on the participation of France to the European institutions. "Victory of Freedom! As I asked for years, it is now the same referendum in France and in the EU countries " , wrote the president of the FN Marine Le Pen in a message posted on Twitter . This election should even take place "as soon as possible" outbid his right arm, vice president of the party, Florian Philippot, for which "the freedom of peoples always ends up winning" .
26% OF FRENCH IN FAVOR OF A "FREXIT"
Neologisms are now out: "Frexit" in France "Nexit" the Netherlands ... Geert Wilders, leader of the Dutch PVV, ally of the FN in the European Parliament, also wished the Referendum in his country. "Now it's our turn" , launched his side the head of the Italian Northern League, Matteo Salvini, another partner of FN. "the time is ripe for another Europe, a Europe of Nations " , welcomed for its Frauke Petry, President of the AFD in Germany , which argues for a reconciliation of his party with the FN.
Figurehead of Euroscepticism on the Old Continent, Marine Le Pen will make the "Brexit" an electoral argument until the presidential election of 2017. For the National Front, France has "more reasons to get out of EU " the UK could be in itself, since it belongs, unlike the British, the euro area and the area of free movement Schengen.
Le Pen party offers since 2013 the organization of a referendum on the European Union or on the maintenance of France in the single currency. A proposal that continues to scare some of the electorate, especially retirees, disinclined to vote for the formation of the extreme right. According to a survey OpinionWay published in June, only 26% of French would vote in favor of a "Frexit" and 51% against (the rest of the respondents did not comment).
MANTRA REPEATED ENDLESSLY
In recent months, the word lepenist order was to be "like the English" in case of victory in 2017: first, negotiate with the European authorities to try to repatriate the "sovereignty" French ( "legislative" , " monetary " , " criminal " , " borders " );then organize a referendum if negotiations fail, tipped as certain. What could be more reassuring in the eyes of public opinion, that of singer first British Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron as figure of the "establishment"?
"Freedom of Victory" , "springtime of peoples" ... The National Front is trying as much as possible to counter his message positive finery, who has often been accused of progress on a rhetoric of fear. A countdown of an EU that generates, according to her, the "confusion" , the "disorder" , the "conflict" , the "chaos" , Marine Le Pen proposes a "Europe of nations" , project that wants, well Naturally, "realistic" , "serious" , "serene" , "prosperous" , "peaceful" . The last word has even become the slogan of the President of the National Front party since the beginning of the year, a mantra repeated endlessly to try to finish with ever clivante image.
VICTORY BY PROXY
"The EU is failing, it cracks everywhere. Either we expect the flood, explosion, or we will put around a table and construct a Europe of Nations, which will replace the totalitarian EU that we know today " , said M me Le Pen TF1, Tuesday, June 21 the Evidence nevertheless likely to prove more decisive than the choice of words for the FN. If the consequences of Brexit would be unfortunate, especially from an economic point of view, the British example take the lead in the wing.
Anyway, Marine Le Pen can finally boast of a victory by proxy. In May, the Freedom Party and its candidate Norbert Hofer had failed by a hair in the Austrian presidential elections. There is one year, the FN lamented the choice of Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras to maintain his country at all costs in the euro area.
In June, the MEP celebrates the first anniversary of the creation of the group Europe of nations and Freedoms (ENL), she chairs the European Parliament, and which serves as a platform to address the Heads of States and governments. His shots permanent battering accompanied breaches on the stage political French.
Bruno Le Maire, a candidate for the Republican primary, pledged Friday to organize a referendum in France on a "new European orientation" if elected. "The lesson is that the European Union is the exchange or on the left (...) time for Plan B will sound .My candidacy for the presidential election is that the output of European treaties " , assured his side Jean-Luc Mélenchon , the Left Party. The dominoes fall.
are drafting http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/06/24/marine-le-pen-exulte-et-reclame-un-frexit_4957154_823448.html
Immigration and insecurity
Marine Le Pen is strongly opposed to the immigration "massive" which in her night in the French economy, the secularity 207 , and is responsible for the increase in insecurity in some districts 208 . She believes that the big bosses use immigration to put downward pressure on the wages of French workers 209 . Marine Le Pen calls the population movements towards France and Europe "mass immigration" or "migration tsunami" and accuses the EU of being unable to protect its borders against the influx of illegal 210 . It proposes to return to an immigration 10 000 entries a year to keep foreign students coming to study in France 211 . The university Cécile Alduy notes however that "on all the public speeches of Marine Le Pen from 2011 to 2013 identified in our study, immigration is no longer in the seventeenth place in terms of lexical frequency, so that it was in eleventh place in the speeches of his father 1987 to 2011. immigration, single cause and obsessive theme in Jean-Marie Le Pen, becomes the instrument and the logical consequence of globalism in her daughter ' 212 .
Among the means to fight against immigration, it proposes to cut the "suction pumps" - social assistance to immigrants and illegal immigrants, family reunification , the right soil - that would make France very attractive for Immigration 213 , reinstate controls customs border and to use the highest judicial severity against those who incite or help the smuggling of 210 .Following the arrival of illegal immigrants in Europe, leaving the country during the "Arab Spring" of 2011 , the FN president recommends using the navy to repel "humanely" clandestine boats territorial waters 214 .
On the issue of the acquisition of nationality, Marine Le Pen said that "the French nationality is inherited or merit", thus opposing the right of soil 215 .She also objects to the dual citizenship , and calls "indecent" that a bi-national is a candidate in the presidential elections, referring to Eva Joly 216 .
It brings insecurity to the massive immigration 217 and critical reduction in the number of policemen in France, while she said "we need more." The situation in some areas would be "dramatic" and similar to "tribal areas". She supports restoring the " double punishment " which is to expel foreign criminals218 , 219 . She asks to cut social benefits (aid, housing, RSA) repeat offenders and criminals defendant to a term of one year or more in prison 220 .
Furthermore, it ruled in favor of a referendum on the restoration of the death penalty , with a proposed alternative to the French " perpetuity absolutely real" in order "to protect society from its most dangerous elements"
national priority
According to his program, a person of French nationality should have priority over housing, welfare and jobs (equal skills) over foreign 223 . Examples of application of national priority , she cites the idea that family allowances should be reserved for families with at least one parent is French or European224 , and that if a French and a stranger with a degree and skills a priori equivalent are both candidates for the same job, the company must hire the then French or justify abroad would be more efficient 225 .
Overseas France
Regarding his position on the France overseas , Marine Le Pen supports the territorial integrity of France.
Marine Le Pen said in March 2013, during a trip to New Caledonia : "There are elections that will be fundamental to the future of New Caledonia and it's time to tackle it" . She added: "We must try everything to avoid fragmentation of those who reject independence" 226 .
The same month, visiting French Polynesia , she said outraged about the procedure followed by the government Temaru to the United Nations 227 . It considers that this approach aims to "enroll France on the list of colonialist countries" and calls it "contemptuous and insulting to not only France, but with regard to the occurrence of the Tahitians' . It also states: "What is absolutely certain is that I think we need that and Tahitian Tahitians resolutely away from anyone looking to Tahiti away from France. " . It considers that the French Polynesia is "a jewel that it is time to prune, because it is plain now.There is no investment is made in research. " 227 .
In September 2015, on a visit to Wallis and Futuna , she opposes the Minister of Overseas, George Pau-Langevin , who announced the signing of an agreement granting fishing rights to American ships in the waters land of Wallis and Futuna for a proposed financial compensation for the archipelago of 17 million Pacific francs (142,000 euros) for fifteen boats. While Mikaele Kulimoetoke , the President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna , called the sum "derisory" , the president of FN believes that "this amount is ridiculously low" 228 .
Visiting Saint Pierre and Miquelon in March 2016, Le Pen said France has "abandoned his overseas " and she "has not taken care of Saint Pierre and Miquelon ' 229 .
Economy
While the position of the National Front on immigration is relatively well known among voters, Le Pen is trying to redefine the economic and social part of the program of the party 230 . In general, positions are intended social 231 . Some political reporters talk about "post solidarism 232 ". Others oppose his social positions more liberal positions of his father 233 .
Opposed to free trade total, she was in favor of a " protectionist reasons" to prevent competition from emerging countries it describes as unfair 234 .Denying any autarky , it explains his position by comparing the economy to a rushing river: free trade would then leave to descend the river, autarky would be to create a dam, and protectionism which she speaks correspond to installation of a lock 235 . It also summarizes the vision she has of globalization by the formula "to produce by slaves to sell to unemployed 236 ".
Its economy issues pronouncements often refer to the French economist Maurice Allais , in which she paid tribute after his death in 237 . The winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics (1988) warned against the effects of free trade and globalization, and criticized the Maastricht Treaty , the establishment of the single European currency, and the treaty establishing a constitution for Europe 238 , but he never spoke about the positions of the National Front.
It supports progressive output of the France of the euro area in favor of a return to the French franc 239 . It proposes to accompany this change a "fiscal revolution" and a " nationalization " of the Bank of France (Banque de France is already public, but not under the orders of the State), which would she said the use of government bonds at very low interest rates 240 . If Louis Aliot says that Marine Le Pen's speech included in 2002 "for Chevènement accents" to emphasize the antiquity of its orientation sovereignty , journalist Marie-Pierre Bourgeois says "its the time of interventions" focused "mainly on insecurity and immigration [...]. Not since a press conference at the European Social Forum in Saint-Denis in 2003 to hear the position on this issue. At the time, the party program, if already advocated the release of the euro in 2002, had not done his business " 241 .
Positioning themselves for the defense of public services 242 , it advocates a 'strategist State "and asserts its opposition to" forced privatizations 231 ". It also denounces the mass distribution 236 , head in her a "disappearance" of small business and "ruin" or the "strangulation" of farmers, fishermen and dairy farmers because the margins it requires 243 . In 2010, she strongly criticizes the pension reform conducted by the government. Opposing the increase in retirement age, it asks its conservation 60 years and offers to save on expenses related to immigration and the European Union 244 . While shade thereafter this position, the secretary general of the FN, Nicolas Bay , announced in 2015, the opposition National Front to return to retire at 60 245 .
Marine Le Pen wants to repeal the law n o 73-7 of the Banque de France (already repealed in 1993 by the application of the Maastricht Treaty ), which it accuses to forbid the Treasury to borrow from the Bank of France to interest rates low, which the require to borrow from commercial banks on financial markets at high rates which have become the largest item of government expenditure (in fact, this ban was introduced by the Maastricht Treaty and not by the 1973 law, which Article 19 provides for the possibility for the state to borrow from the Bank of France). According to her, this device is largely responsible for the debt of the State 230 .
While the FN economic program is the subject, in 2010, of criticism from the president of the Mouvement des Entreprises de France (MEDEF), Laurence Parisot 246 , 247 , part of the media and political analysts fall differences Frontists between " statists " and " liberals " and more generally, in the year 2015, a liberal shift of the economic program of the party 245 , 248 .
international politics
His arrival to the presidency of the FN is accompanied by a hardening of his speech and that of the party against the European Union (EU): it denounces, in his inaugural address to the presidency of the FN , "a project technocratic , totalitarian and detrimental to our freedoms" 249 . The university Emmanuelle Reungoat emphasizes that "his criticism of the EU is based both in the defense of national sovereignty, the fight against illegal immigration (for the defense of national identity but also against national insecurity) and social turn taken by the FN in the 1990s " . His proposals, however, remain very similar to those already defended far by the FN 249 . Comparing the structural views of the electorate of Jean-Marie Le Pen in 2007 and that of Marine Le Pen in 2012 , the researcher Nonna Mayer noted that "the main novelty in the father's electorate is the rise of the European issue, more present in the campaign by his daughter, from February 2012, has made criticism of Europe's first communication theme, even before immigration " 250 . The historian Nicolas Lebourg observes that "with Marine Le Pen, the National Front has intensified dimension sovereignty of its ideological positioning" 251 . It calls for a referendum on leaving the France of the European Union if it does not change 252 .
Commenting to a " multipolar world " as opposed to the alleged US domination, Marine Le Pen calls for the formation of a pan-European Union including Russia and Switzerland and respecting the status of neutrality, national law, national taxation 253 . She wants France left the integrated command of NATO , "while remaining a member of the Atlantic Alliance" 254 .It regrets, in 2013, rejection by France of the asylum to Edward Snowden 255 and denounces "a shameful subjection of France to the United States" after the French rejection of overflying its airspace by aircraft Bolivian President Evo Morales , wrongly suspected of hiding Edward Snowden 256 . In view of the United States presidential election, 2016 , having been reluctant to take position at first 257 , it finally supports Donald Trump , it presents as "a free man" rather than Hillary Clinton which, she said, "embodies everything the United States could build and export of harmful in the world in terms of business model, international choice" 258 . On 9 November 2016, after the victory of Trump, she publicly expressed Nanterre and described the accession of the Republican to the White House as "good news for France," at least if Donald Trump keeps faith which it considers to be beneficial for France's refusal transatlantic Partnership trade and investment (TAFTA) and more generally of the "savage globalization" appeasement of international relations in particular with Russia, or "disengagement warlike expeditions the origin of the great migratory waves "that France would be the victim 259 . She is the only candidate in the presidential election in 2017 to have declared his support for Donald Trump 260 . Olivier Faye, a journalist at the World says that "Trump of the strategy to address the" blue collar "is comparable" to that of Marine Le Pen, and evokes their convergences on their opposition to free trade , the establishment of a dialogue with Vladimir Putin's Russia or "a multipolar conception of international relations, which dominates the national interest" , but also their divergence on Islam, Marine Le Pen judge "compatible" with the French Republic while Donald Trump calls for the prohibition of entry of Muslims in the US 261 . Before supporting Donald Trump, Marine Le Pen had also said when asked about the US presidential election, that "[stands] all French people, whatever their origin, whatever their religion" 257 .
Often described as " pro-Russian " 262 , she said admire, "to some extent," Putin 263 . It recognizes the results of the 2014 referendum in the Crimea on the unification with Russia 264 . This positioning is accompanied by a close with officials and relatives of the Kremlin, as well as obtaining Russian bank loans to the FN, to the point of worry some elected party regarding a dependence Russian power 263 . In 2015, it supports the military intervention of Russia in Syria and called for an alliance of France with Assad facing the Islamic State265 .
Member of the France-Israel friendship group of the European Parliament on its entry in the assembly in 2004, she is denied entry on Israeli soil when it is invited in 2006, she regretted 266 . Partisan, according to Caroline Fourest and Fiammetta Venner , of "a fairly balanced position" on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (including support for the creation of a Palestinian state ), it considers that conflict as a secondary 266 . In the debate on the Iranian nuclear program under the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , it believes the threats to it against Israel are not credible and that "the nuclear bomb is a deterrent" , not " an offensive weapon " 266 . It considers that "France must break its relations with Qatar and Saudi Arabia , which helped, assisted and financed the Islamic fundamentalists throughout the world" : she prefers to "rely on Muslim countries struggling against fundamentalism " , citing the United Arab Emirates and Egypt , and calling for his wishes a" grand coalition " ; representatives of the two states expressed their support in 2014 and 2015267 .
Unfavorable external operations conducted by France in Afghanistan and Libya 254 , it supports those conducted in Mali 268 and the Central African Republic 269 .
It advocates a "great political development" for the African territory, abandoned by her emerging powers, while wishing to break with the " French Africa corrupting" 270 . It also deplores the loss of influence of the Francophonie in the world 271 .
Religion
Marine Le Pen proposes the following measures:
- inclusion in the Constitution of the following: "The Republic does not recognize any community" 272 , 273 ;
- creation of a Ministry of the Interior, Immigration and Secularism 272 ;
- prohibition of racist practice, sexist and discriminatory, particularly in public places 272 (for example, halal in school canteens 274 or separate schedules for women in the municipal pools 275 );
- prohibition to award public grants to associations considered communitarians 272 , 276 .
She mentioned France as a country with " Christian roots secularized by the Enlightenment ' 277 . It advocates banning ostentatious religious signs in public spaces such as the yarmulke and hijab , believing that Catholics cross does not belong 278 .
Islam
Under his presidency, the FN program advocates the "freezing of all mosques in current projects, pending a national survey of their financing" ; "the extension of the 2004 law banning religious symbols in school to all of thepublic space " , that is to say, the prohibition of hijab and not only of the burqa as established by the law against concealing the face in space public ;mandatory stunning of animals before slaughter and labeling of animals ritually slaughtered (meat halal or kosher ). Marine Le Pen also objected to the substitution of pork menus in canteens 279 .
Marine Le Pen considers itself as "one of the last defenders of secularism in France" by criticizing the " Islamization " of France, which it defines as "the consequence of Islamism " 266 . She said "France can be secular because it is Christian culture, and we see also that Muslim countries have the greatest difficulties to be lay 280 . "It also says that" secularism is not fully compatible ... not natural, with Islam, since Islam confuses the spiritual and the temporal280 , 266 ". The university Cécile Alduy notes that Marine Le Pen maintains "the speech of the merits" of his father, but by changing the "justification" : "Jean-Marie Le Pen put forward a Christian France or ethnic, with a hint of racism . Marine Le Pen, she highlights the secular republic. " Cécile Alduy believes that " when she speaks of secularism or the fight against communalism , Marine Le Pen does not in fact Muslims. She holds a double discourse: qualified and committed to equality of all citizens without distinction of origin or religion to the press; violent and conflating Islam, the Islam and terrorism before the activists 279 . "
About Islam, Marine Le Pen said "more moderate than the RPR 1990" 281 or as Geert Wilders in the Netherlands 282 . Repeatedly, she asserts the compatibility of Islam with "democracy" , "France" or "the Republic" , limited to criticize the " sharia " and " Islamic fundamentalism " 281 , 282 , 283 , 277 .The political analyst Nonna Mayer noted that if Marine Le Pen "is careful to target the" Islamic fundamentalism "and not Islam, its followers do not make the difference. They stand close all other parties by their exceptionally high level of "Islamophobia" in the sense of rejection of Islam, its practices, and its faithful 284 . " During his speech the Tours Congress, it suggests that Europe and France are in danger of becoming " caliphate " 285 . In an interview with the weekly Zaman in 2013, she said: "There have always been Muslims in France. But the majority of Muslims have arrived in the last thirty years. I can only regret that this migration is done on the basis of religious radicalization " . Pascal Perrineau sees in these words the view that " the immigration from Muslim countries is unassimilable to the extent that it carries a inevitable religious radicalization. Islam is perceived in its radical alterity dimension: "There is no" Islam in France "but an" Islam in France " ' , yet accurate Marine Le Pen in the weekly" 285 . The historian Valerie Igounet believes the positioning of Marine Le Pen, whom she describes as " Islamophobia " , echoes that of the National Republican Movement (MNR) of Bruno Mégret286 , and is a continuation of Jean-Marie Le Pen 279 .
Jerome Fourquet, of IFOP , said that "contrary to what has partially produced in the Jewish electorate" , the Muslim electorate remains overwhelmingly hostile to Marine Le Pen - he did vote for it only up to 4% of the vote in the2012 presidential election , against 1% for Jean-Marie Le Pen in the 2007 presidential election - and his party, the FN vote remains structured by "the rejection of the North African population" and "rejection or fear of Islamism"287 .
Judaism
Louis Aliot and David Rachline defend an evolution of the party, illustrated by her encounters with Gilles-William Goldnadel , in 2004 288 , Ron Prosor, Israel's ambassador to the UN , William Diamond, head of the Synagogue of Palm Beach and the painter Israeli Shana Aghion 289 .
In 2011, Michel Thooris, "Jewish according to Jewish law," is the FN candidate of the eighth district of French nationals outside France 290 and in 2013, candidate of the 8 th district of Val-d'Oise of Garges - Sarcelles then the blue Marine Rally (RBM) in Carros ( Alpes-Maritimes ) 291 . In 2012, a rapprochement with the Union of French Jews, led by Michel Ciardi, member secular Riposte is operated front to back 292 . The same year, Elijah Taieb became Assistant Federal Secretary of the National Front in Reunion 293 .
Jerome Fourquet, of IFOP , said that voting for Marine Le Pen in the Jewish electorate has increased significantly during the 2012 presidential election compared to vote for her father during the 2007 presidential election (13, 5% in 2012 against 4% in 2007): "This level is admittedly still significantly lower than the national average (17.9%), but the FN vote is no longer residual among the Jewish electorate" . Jerome Fourquet explains this increase by three factors:
- "The combined effect of a climate of nagging insecurity, following the rise of radical Islamism ( Merah case , March 2012) and inter-communal tensions" ;
- "Demonization led by Marine Le Pen of the strategy has to blow locks up very solid present" ;
- "Jewish voters as in the whole of the electorate, the most right-wing fringe was disappointed by Nicolas Sarkozy, who has not kept its promises in the fight against crime in particular" 287 .
Education
In 2016, it stands for the selection to the university to "create real equality of opportunities " 294 . It also proposes that "50% of the teaching time is spent on learning French in the primary" and the elimination of single college 294 .
institutions
While his father was displayed in his first manifesto, the French first (1984), as "a democrat type Churchillian " and therefore considered simply the democracy as the least bad solution, Marine Le Pen takes a very radical approach democracy, qualified in the 2012 draft "fundamental principle of the French Republic" and "sacred well" 295 , 296 . Indeed, it is distrustful of political representation , the intermediate bodies and " government by judges ", and close to the tradition of Rousseau and Jacobin , that is to say usually classified currents while to the left of the political spectrum 295 . It proposes the establishment of a referendum mandatory constituent material, expanding the legislative referendum to social issues and the establishment of a popular initiative referendum that could be triggered by gathering 500,000 signatures citizens; it also promises a referendum on presidential initiative institutions 297. Professor of public law Frédéric Rouvillois calls this "neo-Jacobinism" 295 .For Mediapart , the "glorification of the referendum" and the call to "re-centralization" are nevertheless part of the "classics of the extreme right" : the newspaper recalls that Jean-Marie Le Pen "was programming a string of consultations in its program 2002 (immigration and national preference in 2002, "civil peace" and the death penalty in 2003, restoration of customs borders in 2004, etc.) " 297 .
His 2012 presidential project also calls for the move to seven-year non-renewable (proposal inherited from monarchists ), the imposition of proportional representation "at all elections" , enhanced powers to the prefects , the removal of the general jurisdiction clause , the prohibition of double executive mandates and "control expense and representation of all executive " (principle implemented in Britain in particular) 298 , 297 .
In After the rejection by the Senate of the demand for lifting of immunity Serge Dassault , it advocates the abolition of the Upper House, stating that it "does voi [t] most well what today is the Senate " 299 .
LGBT themes
Marine Le Pen has opposed the law in 2013 opening marriage to couples of the same sex , saying it would be over if elected President of the Republic, but it has not taken part in the protests against this Act 300 .
As president of the National Front, Marine Le Pen adopts a tone generally considered measured on LGBT issues and have attracted many homosexuals the National Front 301 . Laurent Brice, departmental secretary of the FN for the Pas-de-Calais and alderman of Hénin-Beaumont , compared with Dalida, a "muse" Gay 302 . Marine Le Pen has particularly welcomed the FN Sébastien Chenu, cofounder of GayLib , organization formerly associated with the UMP 303 . Since 2012, according to a study by the Ifop , intentions to vote for the National Front have also increased significantly among bisexuals and homosexuals 304 .
For sociologist Sylvain Crépon, "the homosexual became a figurehead of the FN imagination to testify that defends liberal values against the totalitarian Islamist . "Marine Le Pen and would copy a policy strategy followed by Dutchman Geert Wilders and Switzerland Oskar Freysinger 305 .
Internet
Chaired by Marine Le Pen, the National Front adopted a qualified position of libertarian about by Internet , "not necessarily in line with the prevailing thought at FN" according to journalist Tefy Andriamanana 306 , 307 :
- fundamental freedoms, strengthened even constitutionalised 308 ;
- establishment of a global license 307 , 309 ;
- firm opposition to any instrument attempting to reduce Internet freedom such that ACTA , HADOPI or LOPPSI 307 .
"Demonization" of the National Front
In general, Marine Le Pen is often considered more moderate than his father.His speech appears part of the French electorate as more subtle, smooth and free of "excesses" of Jean-Marie Le Pen - or what is described by some as such. The image it gives, calm and smiling, in contrast to the stereotypes usually attributed to his political family 310 . Early in his media appearance, Marine Le Pen addressed many childhood she portrayed as difficult, victim of his name and marked by the attack against the family home in 1976, 22 , 310 .Some observe that this allowed to "humanize" his party 310 , 311 . Among his fiercest opponents, Bernard-Henri Levy speaks of a "far right with a human face 312 ." Michèle Cotta believes that she is a woman, young, condemning racism, and that would not adopted the "defects" of his father, including his sentences bumper, have participated in its strategy of " demonization " of the National Front 313 . References to World War II and the wars Colonial are also absent from his speech 314 , 315 . She also distanced itself from the remarks made by Jean-Marie Le Pen on the gas chambers, stating it "does not share these events the same vision" that her 316 . Opponents argue that the National Front Marine Le Pen, by the strategy of "demonization" would be "more dangerous than his father 312 , 317 ". Avoiding some "provocations" considered harmful for the FN vote, it could expand the electoral base of it in the "trivializing" 318 .
Marine Le Pen said on RTL , in April 2010, that the strategy of "demonization" or "normalization" would not consist of a modification of the National Front speech. This is according to her to show the Front National in its true light, as it is and not as the media show or have shown in previous decades. These and the parties of right and left would have given an image "unjust, false and caricatured" National Front 319 . That's why she would try to give an image that is "just 319 ". Nevertheless, she was accused by his opponents within the FN and more broadly of the extreme right, to deviate from the ideological line of the party, especially on issues such as immigration, the PACS and abortion , that it refutes, ensuring that it never gave the fundamentals of FN or "insipid" his message 320 .
In his speech Lyon, Marine Le Pen candidate for the nomination of the National Front distances itself from the positions then prevailing in FN and evokes the fate of homosexuals living in neighborhoods and victims of religious laws that override the laws of the Republic 321 . Still, some observers note a shift in this strategy since 2009 with the controversy it has aroused on Frederic Mitterrand and his book or on the Quick " halal " of Roubaix . His style would become more incisive, fighting and causing 310 , and the theme of "Islamization" bit processed by the previous generation of the National Front, is now put forward 322 . However it has never officially abandoned the "demonization" and continues to assume that strategy 319 .
In 2014, the American magazine Foreign Policy quote with four other French, in the ranking of hundred "global thinkers" of the year highlighting how it has "restored the image" of his party, which has become "a kind of model for the European extreme right" after his success in the European elections 323 .
Sometimes giving his quietus to the left - in 2003 giving a press conference at the European Social Forum held in Paris and in which it asserts that the anti-globalization pose "good questions but [bring] wrong answers "or providing support for SYRIZA in view of the Greek legislative elections in January 2015 - it leads including Nicolas Sarkozy to locate the end of 2014, to the " extreme left " and identify " the economic program [in] that of Jean-Luc Mélenchon " . Abel Mestre , journalist World , sees " one more element of its strategy of demonization. For, the more confusion, the more difficult to return the FN that it is fundamentally, that is to say, a far-right party " 324 , 325 .
His strategy of demonization also requires new alliances with foreign government parties: it ends the partnerships built by her father Jean-Marie Le Pen and Bruno Gollnisch as part of the Alliance of European National Movements which included many factions radicals in favor of a rapprochement with the Northern League (Italy), the freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), the Vlaams Belang (Belgium) or the Party for freedom (PVV, the Netherlands) grouped European Parliament within the European Alliance for freedom . These parties have jointly condemned the anti-Semitism , display a liberal stance on social issues through which they condemn Islam as such, and defend a geopolitical positioning pro- Israeli 326 . Taking an analysis of the political scientist Gilles Ivaldi, historian Nicolas Lebourg notes that "the FN became a compass of the European extreme right. FN European allies parties have copied the demonization of Marine Le Pen strategy while retaining their local specificities " 327 .
Are drafting https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen
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Are drafting https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen
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