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Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)
What is otitis media (OM)?
Otitis media is inflammation located in the middle ear. Otitis media can occur as a result of a cold, sore throat, or respiratory infection.
Anatomy of the ear
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Facts about otitis media:
- More than 80 percent of children have at least one episode of otitis media by the time they are 3 years of age.
- Nearly half of these children have three or more episodes by the time they are 3 years of age.
- Otitis media can also affect adults, although it is primarily a condition that occurs in children.
- Otitis media is the most common diagnosis for children in the US.
- Otitis media occurs more often in the winter and early spring.
Who is at risk for getting ear infections?
While any child may develop an ear infection, the following are some of the factors that may increase your child's risk of developing ear infections:- being around someone who smokes
- family history of ear infections
- a poor immune system
- spends time in a daycare setting
- absence of breastfeeding
- having a cold
- bottle fed while laying on his/her back
What causes otitis media?
Middle ear infections are usually a result of a malfunction of the eustachian tube, a canal that links the middle ear with the throat area. The eustachian tube helps to equalize the pressure between the outer ear and the middle ear. When this tube is not working properly, it prevents normal drainage of fluid from the middle ear, causing a buildup of fluid behind the eardrum. When this fluid cannot drain, it allows for the growth of bacteria and viruses in the ear that can lead to acute otitis media. The following are some of the reasons that the eustachian tube may not work properly:- a cold or allergy which can lead to swelling and congestion of the lining of the nose, throat, and eustachian tube (this swelling prevents the normal flow of fluids)
- a malformation of the eustachian tube
What are the different types of otitis media?
Different types of otitis media include the following:- acute otitis media (AOM) - the middle ear infection occurs abruptly causing swelling and redness. Fluid and mucus become trapped inside the ear, causing the child to have a fever, ear pain, and hearing loss.
- otitis media with effusion (OME) - fluid (effusion) and mucus continue to accumulate in the middle ear after an initial infection subsides. The child may experience a feeling of fullness in the ear and hearing loss.
What are the symptoms of otitis media?
The following are the most common symptoms of otitis media. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:- unusual irritability
- difficulty sleeping or staying asleep
- tugging or pulling at one or both ears
- fever
- fluid draining from ear(s)
- loss of balance
- hearing difficulties
- ear pain
- nausea and vomiting
- diarrhea
- decreased appetite
- congestion
How is otitis media diagnosed?
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, your child's physician will inspect the outer ear(s) and eardrum(s) using an otoscope. The otoscope is a lighted instrument that allows the physician to see inside the ear. A pneumatic otoscope blows a puff of air into the ear to test eardrum movement.Tympanometry, is a test that can be performed in most physicians' offices to help determine how the middle ear is functioning. It does not tell if the child is hearing or not, but helps to detect any changes in pressure in the middle ear. This is a difficult test to perform in younger children because the child needs to remain still and not cry, talk, or move.
A hearing test may be performed for children who have frequent ear infections.
Treatment for otitis media:
Specific treatment for otitis media will be determined by your child's physician based on the following:- your child's age, overall health, and medical history
- extent of the condition
- your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- expectations for the course of the condition
- your opinion or preference
- antibiotic medication by mouth or ear drops
- medication (for pain)
Your child's surgeon may also recommend the removal of the adenoids (lymph tissue located in the space above the soft roof of the mouth, also called nasopharynx) if they are infected. Removal of the adenoids has shown to help some children with otitis media.
Treatment will depend upon the type of otitis media. Consult your child's physician regarding treatment options.
What are the effects of otitis media?
In addition to the symptoms of otitis media listed above, untreated otitis media can result in any/all of the following:- infection in other parts of the head
- permanent hearing loss
- problems with speech and language development
The information on this Web page is provided for educational purposes. You understand and agree that this information is not intended to be, and should not be used as, a substitute for medical treatment by a health care professional. You agree that Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital is not making a diagnosis of your condition or a recommendation about the course of treatment for your particular circumstances through the use of this Web page. You agree to be solely responsible for your use of this Web page and the information contained on this page. Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, its officers, directors, employees, agents, and information providers shall not be liable for any damages you may suffer or cause through your use of this page even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
Coca-Cola contaminated with a mouse in Brazil
coca-cola.co.uk
@CocaColaCo: Compensate this man disabled after drinking mouse contaminated Coke!
- Petition bySão Paulo, Brazil
After drinking a sip of Coca-Cola contaminated with a mouse in Brazil, Wilson Batista de Rezende had his life devastated. For 13 years he’s been asking the company to recognize their error and pay a reparation. But Wilson has never received any aid from the company.
In a recent interview for a very popular TV show, Wilson presented reports showing that six bottles of Coca-Cola acquired at the time were contaminated. One of them even has a mouse head inside. The original seal is unbroken -- as attested by the Institute for Technological Research (IPT-USP) -- and is itself a proof that the contamination occurred in the process of manufacture and bottling.
Since drinking contaminated Coca-Cola, years ago, Wilson has been sufferingspasms and other serious effects of the poison making it impossible to walk, work and lead a normal life. He’s been moving a lawsuit against the Coke local manufacturer, Spal Indústria Brasileira de Bebidas, for 13 years with no success. The company may be trying to forget what happened, but Wilson lives with the reality every day.
"First I want a recognition by Coca-Cola. Compensation is not get rich, but to repair me. I don’t want to be a millionaire, I just want my life back” -- said Wilson.
Coca-Cola Brazil has told the media that the company has "met the deadlines set by justice and that the manufacturing process follows strict procedures of quality standards". But that does not take responsibility for the truth. And it does not help Wilson.
In order to restore trust in Brazil and around the world, we ask Coca-Cola through this petition to recognize the hygiene failure in their bottling process and compensate Wilson as he’s been asking for 13 years.
Watch the full interview in the TV show by Record:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wq3kmLscSE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wq3kmLscSE
To:
We ask for immediate compensation for Wilson Batista de Rezende, Brazilian man who suffers very serious and permanent health problems due to the ingestion of a contaminated Coca-Cola. According to Mr. Wilson and the Institute for Technology Research (IPT-USP) from Brazil, there is sufficient evidence to prove contamination, but the lawsuit has dragged on for 12 long years.
Mr. Wilson can not...
Mr. Wilson can not...
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