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John F. Kennedy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"JFK", "John Kennedy", and "Jack Kennedy" redirect here. For other uses, see JFK (disambiguation), John Kennedy (disambiguation), and Jack Kennedy (disambiguation).
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known as "Jack" or by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from January 1961 until he was assassinated in November 1963.
After military service as commander of Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in theSouth Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts' 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. At age 43, he was the youngest to have been elected to the office,[2][a] the second-youngest president (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president.[3] To date, Kennedy, a Catholic, has been the only non-Protestant president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[4]
Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which would culminate in the moon landing), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime and arrested that evening, but Jack Ruby shot and killed him two days later, before a trial could take place. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin. However, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that those investigations were flawed and that Kennedy was probably assassinated as the result of aconspiracy.[5]
Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedy's private life has come to light. Details of Kennedy's health problems with which he struggled have become better known, especially since the 1990s. Although initially kept secret from the general public, reports of Kennedy's philandering have garnered much press. Kennedy ranks highly in public opinion ratings of U.S. presidents.[6]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"JFK", "John Kennedy", and "Jack Kennedy" redirect here. For other uses, see JFK (disambiguation), John Kennedy (disambiguation), and Jack Kennedy (disambiguation).
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known as "Jack" or by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from January 1961 until he was assassinated in November 1963.
After military service as commander of Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in theSouth Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts' 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. At age 43, he was the youngest to have been elected to the office,[2][a] the second-youngest president (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president.[3] To date, Kennedy, a Catholic, has been the only non-Protestant president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[4]
Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which would culminate in the moon landing), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime and arrested that evening, but Jack Ruby shot and killed him two days later, before a trial could take place. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin. However, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that those investigations were flawed and that Kennedy was probably assassinated as the result of aconspiracy.[5]
Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedy's private life has come to light. Details of Kennedy's health problems with which he struggled have become better known, especially since the 1990s. Although initially kept secret from the general public, reports of Kennedy's philandering have garnered much press. Kennedy ranks highly in public opinion ratings of U.S. presidents.[6]
CONTENTS
[hide]
- 1 Early life and education
- 2 Military service (1941–45)
- 3 Congressional career
- 4 1960 presidential election
- 5 Presidency
- 6 Assassination
- 7 Administration, Cabinet, and judicial appointments 1961–63
- 8 Image, social life and family
- 9 Ancestry
- 10 Legacy
- 11 Coat of arms
- 12 Media
- 13 See also
- 14 Notes
- 15 References
- 16 Bibliography
- 17 Historiography
- 18 Further reading
- 19 External links
[hide]
- 1 Early life and education
- 2 Military service (1941–45)
- 3 Congressional career
- 4 1960 presidential election
- 5 Presidency
- 6 Assassination
- 7 Administration, Cabinet, and judicial appointments 1961–63
- 8 Image, social life and family
- 9 Ancestry
- 10 Legacy
- 11 Coat of arms
- 12 Media
- 13 See also
- 14 Notes
- 15 References
- 16 Bibliography
- 17 Historiography
- 18 Further reading
- 19 External links
EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION
Go eastern
Go West
(Together) We will go our way
(Together) We will leave some day
(vamos, vamos, vamos, vamos, vá para o oeste!)
(Together) Your hand in my hand
(Together) We will make our plan
(Together) We will fly so high
(Together) Tell all our friends goodbye
(Together) We will start like new
(Together) This is what we'll do:
(Go west) Life is peaceful there
(Go west) in the open air
(Go west) where the skies are blue
(Go west) this is what we're gonna do
(Together) We will love the beach
(Together) We will learn and teach
(Together) Change our pace of life
(Together) We will work and thrive
(I love you) I know you love me,
(I want you) how could I disagree?
(And that's why) I make no protest
(And you say) you will do the rest
(Go west) life is peaceful there
(Go west) in the open air
(Go west) baby, you and me
(Go west) this is our destiny
(Go west) sun and winter time
(Go west) we will do just fine
(Go west) where the skies are blue
(Go west) this is what we're gonna do
There, where the air is free
We'll be (we'll be) what we want to be
Now, if we make a stand
We'll find (we'll find) our promised land!
(I know that) there are many ways
(To live there) in the sun or shade
(Together) we will find the place
(To settle) where there's so much space
(Don't look back) And the place back east
(Wrestling) wrestling just to feast
(And we'll go) ready to be two
(So that's what) we are gonna do
(Oh, what we're gonna do is...)
(Go west) life is peaceful there
(Go west) there, in the open air
(Go west) Where the skies are blue
(Go west) This is what we're gonna do...
(Life is peaceful there) Go west
(In the open air) Go west
(Baby, you and me) Go west
(This is our destiny) Come on, come on, come on, come on
(Go west) Sun and winter time
(Go west) we will feel just fine
(Go west) where the skies are blue
(Go west) this is what we're gonna do
(Come on, come on, come on, come on, go west!)
(Together) We will go our way
(Together) We will leave some day
(vamos, vamos, vamos, vamos, vá para o oeste!)
(Together) Your hand in my hand
(Together) We will make our plan
(Together) We will fly so high
(Together) Tell all our friends goodbye
(Together) We will start like new
(Together) This is what we'll do:
(Go west) Life is peaceful there
(Go west) in the open air
(Go west) where the skies are blue
(Go west) this is what we're gonna do
(Together) We will love the beach
(Together) We will learn and teach
(Together) Change our pace of life
(Together) We will work and thrive
(I love you) I know you love me,
(I want you) how could I disagree?
(And that's why) I make no protest
(And you say) you will do the rest
(Go west) life is peaceful there
(Go west) in the open air
(Go west) baby, you and me
(Go west) this is our destiny
(Go west) sun and winter time
(Go west) we will do just fine
(Go west) where the skies are blue
(Go west) this is what we're gonna do
There, where the air is free
We'll be (we'll be) what we want to be
Now, if we make a stand
We'll find (we'll find) our promised land!
(I know that) there are many ways
(To live there) in the sun or shade
(Together) we will find the place
(To settle) where there's so much space
(Don't look back) And the place back east
(Wrestling) wrestling just to feast
(And we'll go) ready to be two
(So that's what) we are gonna do
(Oh, what we're gonna do is...)
(Go west) life is peaceful there
(Go west) there, in the open air
(Go west) Where the skies are blue
(Go west) This is what we're gonna do...
(Life is peaceful there) Go west
(In the open air) Go west
(Baby, you and me) Go west
(This is our destiny) Come on, come on, come on, come on
(Go west) Sun and winter time
(Go west) we will feel just fine
(Go west) where the skies are blue
(Go west) this is what we're gonna do
(Come on, come on, come on, come on, go west!)
With audio files and the White House, the film shows U.S. support to the coup of 64
"THE DAY THAT LASTED 21 YEARS" REVEALS CONVERSATIONS KENNEDY AND LYNDON JOHNSON ABOUT BRAZIL. AMBASSADOR LINCOLN GORDON COORDINATED WITH CIA AND GOVERNMENT ACTIONS TO DESTABILIZE GOULART AND SENDING NAVAL TASK FORCE TO HELP CONSPIRATORS
President Lyndon Johnson (D) gave approval for Ambassador Gordon (E) and authorized destabilize Goulart sending ships to Brazil
The movie "The Day that Lasted 21 years," Camilo Tavares, reveals how the United States contributed to the 1964 military coup that overthrew the Brazilian president João Goulart, based on classified documents from U.S. archives and audios original White House. The documentary, which will be released the 29th, features audio conversations of Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson with advisors about Brazil and shows how their northern neighbors supported the conspirators, with destabilizing actions and even military.
The U.S. ambassador in Brazil in the early 1960s, the intellectual Brazilianist Harvard Lincoln Gordon, appears almost as a villain, with its alarming telegrams to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, in pointing to the imminent risk of Brazil following Cuba toward communism. "If Brazil is lost, there will be another Cuba, but other China in our Western Hemisphere." In the Cold War context of the time, shortly after becoming socialist Cuba, this was the worst nightmare of Americans.
See the trailer for "The Day that lasted 21 years":
In conversation with Kennedy, whose audio is played, Gordon estimates that the Brazilian president could be a "populist dictator", similar to Argentina's Juan Perón In November 1963, Lyndon Johnson states that will not "allow the establishment of another Communist government in the Western Hemisphere. "
U.S. stocks bancaram propaganda and destabilization of Goulart
João Goulart beside one of his tormentors, Ambassador Lincoln Gordon
The documentary then shows the actions of U.S. propaganda, coordinated by Gordon, to destabilize the Brazilian government. Cites the creation and funding of research institutes alleged anti-Goulart, as the IBAD (Brazilian Institute for Democratic Action) and IPES (Institute for Social Studies and Research) to fund "research" and campaigns 250 candidates for deputies, eight to governor and 600 for state representative in the country In addition, stimulation of strikes and articles in the press that the government was the "bread and butter" of "covert actions" of the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) which sought to overthrow regimes, as explained coordinator of the National Security Archive U.S., Peter Kornbluh.
In telegram to Washington, Gordon admits: "We are taking additional measures to strengthen the forces of resistance against Goulart. Sensitive actions include street demonstrations pro-democracy, anti-communism to encourage the feeling in Congress, the military, media and church groups and the business world. "Interviewed, adviser at the embassy Gordon, Robert Bentley, does not deny funding American, just smiles, silent and says: "That was a controversy when I got [to Brazil]."
The film also reiterates the importance of the military attaché of the embassy Vernon Walters, Brazilian officials friend since the 2nd World War, as General Castelo Branco, who would be instrumental in the overthrow of Goulart. Walters was up to identify dissatisfied between military. The paper describes Castelo Branco, then Chief of Staff of the Army, as "highly competent, respected officer, devoted Catholic and admires the U.S. role as defenders of freedom." According to Bentley, "had a lot of confidence in Castelo Branco", "man to remedy the situation, from the standpoint of American interests."
Naval task force to support the strike call for help from the Brazilian military
Naval task force with aircraft carriers was authorized to be sent to Brazil to support the coup of 64
When the situation heats up, the U.S. agrees to send warships to the coast of Brazil, in the so-called Operation Brother Sam, aiming to intimidate and deter the government to resist the coup. The U.S. president authorizes, audio, doing "everything we need to do. Let's put our neck out (to risk). "
A telegram from the U.S. State Department for Gordon describes the measures taken to "be in a position to assist in the appropriate time to anti-Goulart forces if decided that this is done."Operation Brother Sam included sending a "naval task force, with an aircraft carrier, four destroyers (destroyers) and tankers to overt exercises off the coast of Brazil", and 110 tons of ammunition and other light equipment, including gas tear for riot control by plane.
A telegram "top secret" CIA, March 30 - the eve of the outbreak of the movement - shows how the Americans were well informed and articulate with the conspirators. In the document entitled "Plans Revolutionaries in Minas Gerais", the spies say "Goulart should be removed immediately. The governors of São Paulo and Minas Gerais definitely come to an agreement. The ignition will be a military revolt led by General Mourão Filho. The troops will march to Rio de Janeiro. "
Document signed by Secretary of State, Dean Rusk confirms that scammers have asked the U.S. military support. "For the first time, the scammers Brazilians asked if the U.S. Navy could quickly reach the southern coast of Brazil." For history professor at UFRJ Carlos Fico, the rear of Brother Sam was essential to secure the military to overthrow the regime. Although the documents and unconvincingly, the diplomat Bentley denies having heard of the operation.
Newton Cross: "Every revolution, for starters, has a crazy. The Mourão out! "
João Goulart in Brazil Central rally on the eve of being ousted
The film also has funny moments. "Every revolution, for starters, has a crazy. The Mourão [general Olympio Mourao Filho, who led the troops of Juiz de Fora for Rio] out! "Laughs General Newton Cruz, former head of the NIS (National Intelligence Service). The general's daughter Mourao Filho, Laurita Mourao, says the father called a "coward" Castelo Branco, the first military president after the move, when being criticized for alleged rainfall by moving troops toward the Rio "White Castle, you are fearful one, is a ... "In the words of his daughter, he also" was delivering the Revolution Costa e Silva [later also president of the regime], who was asleep in his underwear. "
After the success of the initiative, Gordon writes to the U.S.. "I'm delighted to say that the elimination of Goulart is a great victory for the free world."Robert Bentley says that participated in the empty office Goulart, meeting over the ownership of the new system was that the president of the Supreme Court. The phone to the ambassador, was asked if the ownership of the new regime had been cool and said: "'It seems that was cool, I can not say.' I woke up after 12pm and [the U.S.] had recognized the government. "
"I think there are certain people who need to be arrested even," said Lyndon Johnson
Film premiere 29th
A few days after the coup, in an interesting audio discussion with President Johnson Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy message tone for the new president of Brazil.
- There is a difference between Gordon, who wants to be very warm, and our view of the White House, that Mr.. should be a little cautious because they are holding a lot of people.
- I think there are certain people who need to be arrested himself. I will not make any crusade against them, but I do not want ... I wish they had put some in some prison before being taken to Cuba - Johnson responds.
- A message would be desirable to more routine at this point.
- I'd rather be warm - says the president.
- Really? This will be published.
- I know, but I'm sanding! Concludes the president.
Juracy Magalhães: "What is good for America is good for Brazil"
The film progresses, showing the Institutional Act No. 1, which cassa political rights and mandates of lawmakers and military. A deputy cries on the table in the House. And remember, to illustrate the proximity of the Brazilian military regime with the U.S., the famous phrase that marked the military Juracy Magalhães, Brazil's ambassador in Washington: "What is good for America is good for Brazil."
Family project
Kennedy receives the Ambassador in Brazil, Gordon
The documentary is also a family project and a tribute to the director, Camilo Tavares, father, journalist and political activist Flavio Tavares - one of 15 prisoners exchanged by U.S. Ambassador Charles Elbrick kidnapped in Rio in 1969.
Flavio appears in the famous photo of prisoners (below) on the plane that would take them into exile in Mexico - where the director born in 71 -, and a quick flash in the list of "popular" with the name of Flavius Aristides . It also Flavio Tavares who does the interviews, getting face to face with former adversaries, the diplomat and Passarinho Bentley, minister who signed his extradition.Camilo's wife, Karla Ladeia, is an executive producer.
To Ambassador Elbrick his kidnapping was an attempt to "embarrass governments Brazilian and American." But there are other moments of embarrassment in American film. After showing the picture of a man hanging from a stick-to-macaw, Bentley is asked about human rights violations. "It is difficult to justify formally. But sorry ... sorry (laughs), anyway. "At the time, however, the internal messages of American government preached discretion. "Although we do not seek to justify extra-legal acts or excesses of government, concluded that our best decision is to approach the maximum silence gold," advises Gordon.
The film also surprises with testimonials unusual protagonists and critics of the regime, as General Newton Cruz, head of the SNI. "When the Revolution was born to make a storage house. Nobody spends 20 angels to clean the house! "
The film concludes with a sentence acid coordinator of the National Security Archive, the American Peter Kornbluh. "All this was done in the name of democracy, supposedly."
Prisoners freed by kidnapping Ambassador Charles Elbrick, U.S..Flavio Tavares, father of the director, is the first right, crouched
font images Googlefont redaction http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2013-03-15/com-arquivos-e-audios-da-casa-branca-filme-revela-apoio-dos-eua-ao-golpe-de-64.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy
font images Googlefont redaction http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/politica/2013-03-15/com-arquivos-e-audios-da-casa-branca-filme-revela-apoio-dos-eua-ao-golpe-de-64.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy
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